Distance education departments and advantages and disadvantages

Spread in recent many universities, institutes and institutions that provide education and opportunity study for scholars and students in various disciplines through the pages specially prepared for this purpose on the Internet.

First: Distance Education

Intended distance education Distance Learning to use communication technology and computer technology in the education process. And this process is called also terms such as:

Internet-Based Learning

Distributed Learning

Computer-Mediated Communication

And distance education is the transfer of knowledge from the Centers collects in the capitals of states to cities distant where there are no means of media knowledge huge and specialized. And have the connection between the student recipient and lecturer interactive interactive system allows tele-education received lectures from a source far from the place lecture at the same speed and in the same time the real time application implementation and this system can broadcast live and recorded lectures efficiently, where the student can or listener from attending a lecture inside or outside the borders of the country in which they reside.

Distance education is divided in terms of transportation into two types:

Asynchronous transfer synchronous delivery where communication and interaction in real-time real time between the lecturer and the student.

Asynchronous transfer asynchronous delivery, where the transfer of records and deliver or provide subject by video, computer or any other means later time and receives or obtained on the material later

Benefits of distance education:

Convenience where appropriate provide appropriate between the lecturer and the student.

Flexibility flexibility allows the student the option to participate as desired.

Impact and effectiveness demonstrated effectiveness research on distance education system that equivalent or superior to the influence and effectiveness of traditional education system and when these techniques are used efficiently.

Estimated affordability of many forms of distance education does not cost a lot of money.

Sense of multi-multi sensory There are many options in the delivery methods subject, subject televised and interaction of computer programs and subject recorded on cassette tapes.

Advantages of distance education:

Geographical exploitation:

Does not require the student and the professor to be present in one place for the exchange of information. The student he can read or listen to or even watching a lecture Professor electronically on-line via the Internet, even if the student in the home or in a country other than the country of residence of his teacher. Professor can also be electronically published his lecture text, audio or video over the Internet from home or from a country other than the country in which it resides requested.

Text textual (using Adobe Acrobat format) or;

Audio Audio (using the formula Streaming Real Audio) or;

Visible Visual (using the formula Streaming Real Video or Streaming Net Show or Compressed MPEG)

Temporary exploitation:

Not necessary to \ be both student and professor present at the time and one for the exchange of information. فالأستاذ him to publish his lecture electronically either in text format can be printed or audible or visual format and then demanded to read the lecture and printed or to be heard or watched at any time suits him without having to throw professor lecture at a specific time. And also demanded the freedom to choose the right time for him to receive the lecture, it was his option also in the selection of the part that wants to read it or listen to it or watch it. Also, it could re-listen to a particular part of the lecture or watching a certain portion of them are difficult things to achieve in the traditional lecture. For example, students can choose the parts that wants to be heard or watched from the lecture if the lecture is published as a Real Audio or Real Video. It can also have the ability to listen to or watch any part of the lecture published those formulas.

Intermediate computer:

To use the computer as an intermediary for the transfer of information also means exploiting the speed of your computer and its potential in the educational process and is helping in the development of this process.

Provide educational opportunities for non Almsttiein:

Distance education will enable a large segment of the community members to achieve their wishes, especially those who do not have access to higher education for different conditions (such as age or link to a particular job). Distance Education is open to all and the need to attend to the university systems in specific times things that may not fit some conditions.

Overcome the problem of the capacity of universities and educational bodies:

Distance education does not require the presence of students to the classroom, and does not require the records in each chapter to give a limited number of students a lecture given. This means that universities and educational institutions will be able to overcome the problem of limited absorptive capacity, which had to accept the number of students commensurate with what is available from the classrooms and teachers.

Disadvantages of distance education:

The need for training:

Teachers need to be trained to use the Internet in general as well as training on the use of special software to be used in the work of web pages and publish lectures and so on. As well as student needs to be trained to use the Internet in addition to training on the use of programs that help them to exchange information with his teacher. Before all this needs both the student and the professor to possess to learn the basics of computer Computer Literacy.

The need for technological structure:

For the establishment of distance education system must provide a technological infrastructure Technological Infrastructure at the university or who want to put distance education programs. This structure is not available at all universities or educational bodies.

The need for a connection between the students and the Internet:

So that students can have access to electronic data and to be able to exchange information with their teachers must provide a connection between the students and the Internet. This connection may be contacted through an Internet service provider ISP or via the internal network to the university or faculty Intranet. However, students are not all able to connect to the Internet through Internet service provider. As well as universities and educational bodies do not have all Intranet networks open to students.

The problem of bandwidth Bandwidth:

Of the fundamental problems facing remote Altalpm process bandwidth problem Bandwidth any speed through which the exchange of information between the Internet service provider and the Internet user that connects to the network through this provider. Vmstkhaddmo Internet who connect to the network from ordinary household devices via Internet service providers share information with the Internet quickly does not usually exceed 33.6 kilobits per second Kbps for the transfer of visual lectures properly so that they can watch lectures on a full-size screen and without cut in The sound and picture Internet user needs to provide high-speed transfer of information between him and the Internet. This can be achieved by connecting the user's computer to the Internet through private systems give greater bandwidth Bandwidth systems such as ISDN, DSL and T1 Lines and others. These systems are expensive for ordinary users.

Security:

Security is one of the fundamental problems facing the process of distance learning. During the performance of electronic exams on-line quizzes does not guarantee professor that the student does not attempt to cheat. Also does not guarantee that professor performs exam is the student himself and not someone else. There are some software tools and techniques that may help overcome some of the negative aspects related to security, but it is not enough to overcome all those negatives. This means the use of what is known as Bal Login Names and Passwords to enter the exam by programming the site to accept only students who are allowed to enter. Of these methods also get the IP address used by the student during the exam performance by the work of special programs use some possibilities of the computer server Server in order to identify at that address. However, these means are insufficient to overcome all the negatives on the subject of security.

Costs:

Add to the previous negatives, there are costs borne by the party that want to apply the system of distance education. Of these costs with regard to the technological infrastructure required by the distance education system. The purchase and maintenance of computer server Server with equipment and programs, or rent space on a computer server from a third party all of which represent a financial burden. The training of teachers to use the software and tools used in distance education system represents an additional financial burden.

Distance education requirements:

There are some technical requirements that must be met in order to design distance education system, including:

And a computer server Server with capacity and speed sufficient to store the information relating to courses. This can be a computer server located at the university or the party that put distance education programs. However, the availability of this system when this party requires high costs of installation and maintenance and Internet connectivity. Can provide those costs by renting space on a server computer available at one of the companies that lease space on its server computer to meet certain amounts.

Must allow programmers to enter a specific area in the central computer in order to enable them to work web pages interactive Interactive using the programs of (Common Gateway Interface) CGI, which are programs written in languages ​​software like Pearl, Visual Basic, C + +, C, and allow these programs to the Internet user sends information and receive certain responses from the central computer.

Programs should be available for work and maintenance of web pages such as page editing software Web Page Editors and FTP file transfer programs and Telnet. And also must have experienced teachers using those programs. This may require in some cases provide knowledge of the use of HTML language recognized for the work of the Internet pages.

Must provide a connection between the students and the Internet so that students have access to a computer server.

Should provide a big wave capacity high bandwidth enables students to connect high-speed internet access and in the event of whether distance education system includes lectures visible. This speed should exceed the speed of the normal 33.6 KB and not less than the speed of ISDN system.

May be required additional hardware such as a Video Server whether distance education system includes visual materials.

Second: Video conference

Is the transfer of live images and audio from a site to several sites separated by distances to transfer information) lectures, seminars, conferences, elections ... etc. (it needs all parties and be sending and receiving interactive and direct and means transmission main cameras and monitors and the technique used generally are. hdsl

Third: telemedicine system tele medicine

Telemedicine system is one video conference applications and allows the user to confer or being some surgical operations through video or robot Robot from places as far apart to facilitate medical consultations for emergencies and the technique used is the same technique. hdsl

The beneficiaries of the service:

Universities

Hospitals

Conference rooms

TV

Organizations and the diplomatic corps

Companies and institutions

Distance learning system in the United Kingdom:

Represents distance learning system in the United Kingdom one of the most educational systems rapidly evolve and keep pace with the achievements of the revolution in communications and represents the virtual university International in the United Kingdom one of the most educational institutions British interest in developing systems of distance learning in the field of management science and synthesized in order to fit the requirements and specificities of academic programs that are taught in a way that distance learning and with the requirements and needs of students studying in a way that distance learning as well.

The Arab Academy British higher education implementation program Masters career in business administration MBA who designed the Virtual University International in the United Kingdom through the management and organization of the engagement and registration of students of the sons of the Arab countries in these programs and provide all the information and assistance that may be required Arab students to facilitate their understanding full for distance learning systems in the Kingdom, enabling them to benefit fully.

Source:http://www.abahe.co.uk/distance-learning.html

E-learning "concept and its benefits and its properties

Educators are constantly looking for the best ways and means to provide an interactive learning environment to attract the attention of students and encourage them to exchange views and experiences. The Information Technology represented in the computer, the Internet and Maalhak them of multimedia of the most successful means to provide this educational environment rich, where they can work in collaborative projects between different schools, and students can develop their knowledge of subjects important to them through contact with colleagues and experts have the same concerns. And is the responsibility of students to search for information and formulation which develops thinking skills. The Internet calling develop writing skills and English language skills where the Internet provides students and teachers alike texts written in English in various subjects and at different levels. As for the teachers, the connection to the global network enables the teacher to access to educational experiences inaccessible by other means. The power of the Internet lies in its ability to link people across vast distances and between disparate information sources, the use of this technology increases the opportunities for education and extends above and beyond the scope of the schools, and this Maaraf under the name of e-learning, which is one of the most  important features of the School of the Future 

          Yes, we have the recent large-scale changes to the field of education. And began the labor market, through its needs for new skills and qualifications imposes updated trends and competencies to meet the needs of the new economy. So the curriculum are also subject to re-examination to keep pace with the modern requirements and available techniques, such as e-learning and direct instruction, which depends on the Internet. But the field of e-learning and solutions will not be successful if lacked the key factors of the elements available in the traditional education current, this latter achieves a lot of tasks indirectly or invisible for the passerby who believes that Internet technology ستقلب all balances without access to but the educational process in deep. Where the students time for schools and mass attendance is important instills valuable educational indirectly and reinforces the importance of joint work as a team

And vary the terms of reference institutions e-learning among a variety of services, such as obtaining a master's degree directly online, or certification technical programmers and specialists in the field of Information Technology and other excellent features, where you turn the necessary procedures and the provision of the required standards to put programs recognized for study remote

According to some studies and specialized research, found that 48% of colleges and universities traditional had flung curricula directly on the Internet in the year 1998, while the figure rose to 70% in 2000, and in return there universities do not offer their services and their curricula only via the Internet such as the University of Engel Wood Englewood, Colo Colo and Kabila

It is expected to achieve industry e-learning direct online significant growth from $ 6.3 billion in 2002 to more than $ 23 billion in 2004, and that as shown by studies conducted by a group IDC, a market research, based this on the great development in the sector e-business and the increasing demand for professionals and specialists. For its part, each of Oracle, SAP and other companies producing programs to join this important sector and product design appropriate to it.

Problem of the study

          Pass educational institutions currently in the process of radical transformation due to economic pressures and huge costs on the one hand and to the business world on the other hand, the big difference between students who choose to attend schools or distance learning is also a factor that transformation, and despite all that remains colleges and schools to attract numbers of students to Madrjadtha to receive education

          I went private education institutions and higher with increasing repeated for students to use the Internet to deliver courses to students in remote locations. And also encouraged the delivery of courses to students on the campus of the institution as well. Some educational institutions that this method and a way to attract students who are not able to come to the university buildings, while other institutes sees as a way to meet the needs of a new quality for students

          Yes, I felt education institutions - at the moment - economic pressures so tended to control costs, improve quality, focus directly on customer needs and respond to competitive pressures, where I found that information technology IT Information Technology has the ability to solve most of these problems, they can change the role of the student and the college also, فتيسر and learner-centered, and save money through the process of sophistication to work, and an increased focus on the contents of the curriculum

          With the increasing use of modern techniques, accept all of the colleges and students alike changes that have occurred in the education environment. Valorteurat and degrees have become available on the Internet, has been the establishment of schools and universities, libraries, virtual, or can the student presentation, registration and college, and the purchase of reference books and attending lectures of non registration of any visit a virtual university buildings, the number of disciplines and educational programs have been developed so as to be interaction between them and the students This type is called education Computer Aided, some other programs more interactive as it allows students to send their views and comments to arenas debate through web sites and this type is called debate Asynchronous Valmchark in this type reads and comments on the subject under discussion, when given the chance so in his spare time , there is another type of education is the immediate education or simultaneous which uses immediate discussion or chat, there are participants can interact and debate among themselves and at one time and real. Regardless of the method used for education, the transformation must be of the traditional classroom to classroom across cyberspace Cyperspace. This is the future of education is the so-called e-learning, and so this study is trying to answer the following question

What the concept of e-learning

  Can this question to ask the following questions

          Q 1: What is the concept of e-learning

          Q 2: What characteristics of e-education in the community

          Q 3: What are the benefits of e-learning

          Q 4: What barriers to e-learning



The importance of the study

The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of e-learning as well as the characteristics of the society in the age of cyberspace and then addressing the benefits of e-learning



The limits of the study

Because the elements of e-learning too many, so this study will be limited to answering the following questions without addressing the design of e-learning standards or future or properties or e-learning courses

First: the concept of e-learning

E-Learning is a way to teach using communication mechanisms of modern computers and networks, and Saúth multiple voice and image, graphics, and search mechanisms, and electronic libraries, as well as Internet portals, whether remotely or in the classroom is important is intended to use technology of all kinds in the delivery of information to the learner shortest time and with less effort and more useful

          And distance learning are part derived from the study of electronic In both cases, the learner receives information from a place far from the teacher (source of information), and when we talk about the study of electronic not necessarily talking about education immediate simultaneous (online learning), but may be e-learning is simultaneously. Education default: is to learn useful from remote locations not bounded by time nor place by the Internet and technology

Direct e-learning


            The term e-learning direct style and learning techniques based on the Internet to connect and share lessons and research topics between the learner and the teacher, and the e-learning concept enters a lot of techniques and methods, has witnessed the eighties adopt CD-ROM's for education but drawback was clear a lack of feature interaction between Article The teacher and the learner or the recipient, and then came the spread of Internet justification for the adoption of e-learning direct on the Internet, so as to simulate the effectiveness of teaching methods realism, come touches and humanitarian aspects through direct interaction between the parties to the educational process and must distinguish completely between teaching techniques and just e-mail contact, for example, and we will corporate training and education in schools and universities to discern the effectiveness of this new method, which his campaign Internet to us

Realism in Education
            Lack of aspects of realism in the process of e-learning direct main disadvantages of this method in the education needs in some cases touches humanity between the learner and the teacher, and singled here talking categories that futile where e-learning direct and now we find it targets high school students mainly then university students and other professions such as doctors and engineers in one way or another institutional training received by workers and technicians in the institutions and large companies of different fields
            There educational materials suitable for e-learning direct and verify the effectiveness of large, for example, I can explain to you at length about the phenomenon of scientific natural but a school trip or go to the lab and watch this phenomenon directly to sing all the effort that can be our education system direct electronic to explain this phenomenon , any substance that e-learning direct must be suitable to him and appropriate to his style, so we can say with confidence that it can adopt online training direct successful complement to teaching methods basic educational and will develop the resources available to students to be trained in the use of technology to improve learning and finding schools more flexible and increase interaction Parents of students in the educational process as well to increase the access of students and provide them with technical and expand professional development opportunities for teachers and technology that can enhance the capabilities of students, teachers and educators

            Some educators and experts to direct e-learning or education depending on the computer will deliver a resistance hinder success if prejudice the conduct of the current educational process, or current threatens the edges of being sometimes depends on radical solutions in its implementation



E-learning-based computer
           

         Still e-learning-based computer CBT Computer-Based Training approach synonymous with basic education traditional and could be adopted in complementary teaching methods usual and generally we adopt methods and techniques many within the plan education and comprehensive training based on a range of styles and techniques, for example, if it was difficult to broadcast video educational online there is no objection from the submitted on CDs or video tapes VHS as long as it contributes to raising the quality and level of training, education and prevents bottlenecks Capacity wave on the network and requires e-learning hand basic justify adoption and investment a vision window to abide by the long-term in order to avoid obstacles and difficulties in information technology and resistance and aversion educated him, and I remember here say a my teachers is a seasoned in education and educational guidance as he told me recently that he was estranged from the computer and talk about the large number of what he heard from exaggerations around that mind-mail smartphone that will control the world but realized that the computer is nothing more than a stupid and just a machine depends intelligence limited to the user and his proficiency in establishing programs smart and effective makes user benefit rather than benefit is consumed his time and effort in vain and lies in saying this axis success of e-learning, which depends on the development and selection of the education system appropriate e in terms of meeting the requirements of education Kalthaddat continued to keep abreast of developments and taking into account the standards and controls in the education system chosen to ensure the level of development of the learner and achieve goals educational as information technology is not a goal or an end in itself but rather a means to connect the knowledge and purposes known teaching and education, including making the learner ready to meet the requirements of practical life in all its facets, which has come to rely more or less on information technology and the rapidly changing nature

Second: the characteristics of education in the information society

          Cyberspace is the concept of space where words and human relationships, data, and power show by people who use Computer Technology intermediary for communication, the virtual communities: they cultural groups arise at the confluence of a group of people with each other in cyberspace clearly and simply, in the past, the concepts of discrimination or differentiation and organic factors are closely related to the development of communities, people who are involved in hobbies certain form communities in order to continue their hobbies that differentiate them from the rest of the communities, as well as the communities characterized communities generally characterized on the basis of where city is small, village and around constitute society and so on. With the advent of electronic communication and virtual reality, it became difficult to determine what is meant by community, communities wove different types and characteristics of variety, so it was to enter into the world of virtual communities and the ability to remote training requires different processes quite difficult accomplished by certain persons. Range that is used when people Computer intermediary for communication for teaching new people to re-education or their hobbies or attract them and join them to groups or sects and communities in which they work, those are the key issues to build a society in Computer where an intermediary, and therefore some researchers gave another term to the individual in virtual community, a personal electronic (when a person works on the computer with other people). In this episode we will address the most important artistic techniques that must be taken into account when training in the virtual community

Terms education space in the community

          1 the ability to continue the dialogue procedure for the preparation of answers

          2 Create a form of privacy in the language space for people from one place it is connected as well as the establishment of an internal sense has privacy

          3 the ability to search in the emotional topics in text format.

          4 the ability to create an image of thought colleague contrast in the communication process

          5 the ability to create a sense of immediate presence during the communication process



          If environment is electronic allows the trainee emergence personality electronic, people introverts are more suitable for teaching in virtual environments, it is encouraging for people introverts that take plenty of time to think about the subject matter before answering it, but for the people are open or social interaction in their environment becomes difficult but not impossible, because the interaction is their presence among others, so choice of better education is education in the atmosphere lively and this gives them the ability to better performance and then get better results, while introverts Vanjazhm be the best in the tranquil atmosphere or virtual environments so they do not find it difficult to join to virtual environments unlike social people who want always in noisy social environments



The key question is whether communities can build instant collections incomplete education is to meet groups and face-to-face

          Despite the importance of meeting face to face in some respects scientific, but this meeting is appropriate to change the composition of groups immediate ongoing, it is possible to find a train without this type of connection. Through discussion boards and chat rooms and other where he will meet the participants and deliver their ideas and their opinions and suggestions and comments on the goals, ethics, obstacles, communication styles, these are the principles in the communities meet face to face and this thing is happening in e-communities



          The basic steps that must be taken into account when education in virtual communities

1 clear definition of the objectives of the group

2 Create a great location for the group

3 Appointment of an effective leader of the group

4 define the principles and behavior

5 Allow organize member roles

6 allowing the facility for sub-groups

7 to allow members to resolve their disputes

These steps may work promotes and encourages communication center members



Conflict in virtual communities

          Characterized the transformations that have occurred in large communities as quickly leading to the difficulty of identifying label society, societies today are formed around issues of identity and common principles and not on the basis of geographical location. In this society can be defined as an integrated unit continuously arise at the confluence of a number of people in shared interests. When people meet around common goals in order to work on the delivery and development of the principles of behavioral, spoke disputes between members during the discussion space on the topics to achieve those goals, and therefore groups must continue to talk and not to stop in order to accomplish tasks as a team. And when you try to avoid conflicts may lead to the disintegration of the group, conflicts essential phase must work through in order to reach the completion stage, has been proved by many studies that working in groups is quite similar to instant groups working face to face

          Can a conflict in e-communities more traditional societies, due to the lack of debaters face to face and not being able to interact verbally, which could lead to lead to misunderstandings, then the difficulty of emotional expression through text, so possibility of solving tendencies are larger than through electronic means

          Principles and procedures to resolve tendencies in education in virtual communities and educational immediate

          Work through conflicts help create continues strong among the members of the group and lead to positive results, and educational communities instant will contribute tendencies in creating a kind of cohesion among members but also contribute to the quality of the results of the educational process, so فالأستاذ in environment education instant must be comfortable in the event of any dispute. It is worth mentioning here the important point is that there is a danger when the professor can not resolve the dispute in electronic communities, Vvhalh influence or support in resolving the dispute could lead to the destruction of the educational process and even reluctance and warned by the participating students

          Accordingly we can say that he must draw attention in distance education to develop a sense of unity within the group of participants and to the success of scientific education, community education is the tool that occur educational process instant of which, Members are dependent on each other to accomplish the desired results of the curriculum, for example, When goes into (enter), one of the participants in the scheduled site does not happen there any kind of interaction for several days, this thing leads to frustration and discouragement

          The new model is a professor who gives a sense of independence and entrepreneurial spirit, creativity and that during the dialogue, participation and encouragement to ask questions.

Interaction in the virtual learning process

           In traditional education students see each other, and know each other a good knowledge of the educational process, but the question how do we make all this acquaintance and interaction occurs when contact is limited to text or audio through the computer screen? The fact can not happen immediately, but it can facilitate such a way one can develop a discussion of mutual guidance regardless of how the partnership between the groups with each other, and be the beginning of the curriculum send messages welcoming and tariff and this thing is useful to start dating default, فالأستاذ in This type of education must be flexible subtracting its agenda and programs so that the educational process and then allow students to perform their own programs according to their own needs. This means that the debate may come not feel full professor satisfaction because full and absolute freedom of the student and the difficulty of controlling the discussion rooms, but which currency can guide the discussion in another direction serves the educational process in a proper way

          The learning environment in the virtual community you need to a specific area of ​​the issues of personal education immediate, and this thing can be done and follow-up throughout the study period, and this space if you do arise may lead some students to search for other ways, such as using e-mail to ask guardians personal, and feeling some loneliness and isolation when lose this space, which leads to feelings not gratification and a sense that the educational process does not meet their needs, so we must prepare this space in the e-learning environment

Source:http://www.nabd.net/al3lm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=128:----q--q&catid=7:2009-08-09-22-31-55&Itemid=46

What is e-learning? And what distance education

? What is e-learning

E-learning is to provide training and educational programs through a variety of electronic media including CD and the Internet in a manner synchronously or asynchronously and the adoption of the   principle of self-learning or teacher-assisted learning 

 ? What is distance learning

"That learning process where students disconnected or away from the professor geographical distance is usually filled by using modern means of communication"

"Educational system funky can students of educational attainment and take advantage of the educational process in all its aspects without going to the study site and can lecturers to deliver information and discussions of the recipients without moving them as it allows the student to choose his education in line with the conditions of work and proper training and available for the display of education without the need to drop out of work or abandon social engagements "

Distance Education and e-Learning!

E-learning is one of the most important (or most important) and means of distance education, but not the only way.

Huge development in information technology makes distance education in the future is fully dependent on e-learning techniques (video conferencing, multimedia ...).

Why e-learning?

Allow for the largest number of community groups for education and training.

Overcoming the barriers of space and time (difficulty of Transportation or difficult to agree on a time).

Reduce the cost of education in the long term.

Optimal utilization of human and material resources (solving the problem of rare specialties)

The accumulation of experiences: the training material prepared by one of the institutions available to anyone who wants (to reduce the cost of education).

Turn philosophy of education-based learning group-based learning to the individual: -

Time and curriculum and exercises depend on the level and skills of the student and not on the group rate.

Outstanding student can progress without waiting for lower-level students.

Lower-level student had time to upgrade it.

Source:  http://forum.moalem.net/showthread.php?794-%E3%C7%E5%E6-%C7%E1%CA%DA%E1%ED%E3-%C7%E1%C5%E1%DF%CA%D1%E6%E4%ED%BF-%E6%E3%C7%E5%E6-%C7%E1%CA%DA%E1%ED%E3-%DA%E4-%C8%DA%CF

Elements of the success of distance education

In light of the growing need to meet the requirements of modern life, it has become imperative to educational institutions to take the latest information and communication technologies, and has employed the service of education, and the achievement of its objectives, along the lines of what has been achieved remarkable successes of this technology in various fields of life. And e-learning and distance education itself as a new pattern of education has programs and controls and mechanisms, where he began distance education in the nineteenth century and was the University of London, and has been applied in in 1858, where he was then called system students breakers, then the United States had similar experiences in University of Chicago in 1891 and the University of Wisconsin in 1906 and Queen's University in Canada in 1889 and the University of Queensland in Australia in 1911.

And the development of distance education in Britain significantly when it was first created a British university open in 1969, and since then until the early nineties remained Distance Education (Open Education) limited in Britain mainly on open universities specialized in this type of education, began after so many of regular British universities applying distance education system along with formal education. There is also in the United States alone currently 39 University systemic apply this type of education, including universities of Michigan and Stanford, Delaware, in addition to other universities specialized education open like University of Technology National (NTU) and the University of Maryland School televised (ITV), as established universities are open to education remote in Spain (1972), Iran (1973), Pakistan (1978), and Japan (1981), Nigeria (1983), Palestine (1985), and Sudan (1991), and Egypt at the University of Alexandria (1990), and finally the Arab Open University taken from the Kuwait-based in 2000 (Khalid liquidator, and Saleh Hamad, 2001)

Development of distance education:

At first, it was distance education means education by correspondence, that the mediator was the postal service that transmits printed materials, or written, between the learner and the teacher. But the techniques that are used in distance education now extends to a wide range of applications of computers and modern communication media industrial Kaloqmar. Can now use satellite telephone and delivery of broadcasting, voice and image, to remote locations without ground infrastructure networks are expensive.

Where education is generally an essential function in human societies, it was natural that the changing forms of education in general, and to evolve, with the escalation of technical development. As distance education depends in particular on communication techniques, the cradle of each phase of development in these technologies to the emergence of appropriate forms of its distance education.

 The evolution of networks produced mail correspondence education through printed and written materials. The entry broadcasting to the use of radio in education. And the progress of the electrical and electronic industries increased role of acoustics in general in education through recording devices, then the back of the TV, video and followed. The increased importance of forms of educational broadcasting, heard and see, with the widespread use of satellites. With the proliferation of personal computers and computer networks, has become computer applications, especially those based on the interaction, one of the most important means of distance education, and most effective, and in particular in the field of self-directed learning.

 In the United States of America, for example, granted preliminary licenses "educational radio" in the early twenties of this century, and began broadcasting educational in 1950. Did not originate initial, and perhaps most important, open universities only in 1971 in Britain. And began using computer networks in teaching and learning in the United States when it provided a "National Science Foundation" to U.S. universities the opportunity to use the Internet in the mid-eighties. This was followed, in the nineties, the start of the widespread use of computer media in the pre-university education, in the workplace and at home. (Nader Fergany. 1999 (

Definition of distance education: Distance Learning

Complaint about increasing the deficit to reach a clear definition of distance education; there are many terms to him in English, such as:

1. Home schooling Home study

2. Independent Study Independent study

3. Additional studies External study

4. Remote study Distance study

This resulted in the varied definitions of distance education, including:

• "It is the position of education occupies a means of communication and networking available, كالمطبوعات and telephone networks and telex systems TV and computer mail and other devices wired and wireless key role in overcoming the problem of long-distance that separates between the teacher and the learner to allow the opportunity to interact together" (Tawfiq Merhi and Mohammed Nasser, 1985)

• that "the term given to the type of education, based on the delivery of the educational process to learners living in remote areas or geographically isolated, and submit to those who do not allow their own circumstances to move to classrooms irregular, and forms of Applied distance education and educational radio and television" (Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425)

• and that "the kind of education that is provided to the sites and places where the student or student where away geographically from the professor, and is communicating through transfer techniques information audio and video (live and recorded) or through computer technology and the Internet, including teaching synchronous and asynchronous" (Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425)

• and that (a variety of teaching methods where the behavior learning separate from the behavior education, and includes those means in which communication between the teacher and the learner across devices and printing tools, mechanical devices, electronic and other devices "(Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425 )

• and that "the systematic use of printed and other media, and the media should be well-prepared in order to link communication between learners and teachers, and provide support to learners in their studies" (Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425)

  I chose first definition for it is clear, and different education system and distance learning for formal education usual in two things: the first is the lack of a direct confrontation between the teacher and the learner. The second is the distance between the teacher, Omusdr learning and learner, Fa teacher and the learner is not brought together by location one, and the timing of specific as is the case in the school and university education formal (Maher Sabry and Salah Tawfik, 2005)

Remote areas of learning:

1 - university education:

     You may have conditions Ktheramen individuals for not completing their university education because of the work for the maintenance of the family, or because of lack of financial capability. In all these cases may lose these individuals hope in completing their college education, but distance education solve the problem, and restores these individuals hope in completing their college education through what is known as Ba Open University.

     Has been concerned by the open universities in the world and has been prepared has many programs that rely on communication tools of all kinds, and most famous of these universities are now the British Open University. It features provide freedom for the student to choose the subject and the place and date of the study., Which led to lower the cost of the study and to face competition on the desks in universities, because capacity is limited and is linked to Ba space and time and manpower.

 2 - in-service teacher training:

   Use this system for teacher training and rehabilitation in many countries of the world so as to develop their expertise and raise the level of educational performance and practice in the classroom.

   The leading models in this field program UNRWA UNESCO Institute of Education to train teachers Filstunain in all host countries.

3 - general training programs:

   These programs target several segments of societies in their work location, Ka engineers and administrators, doctors and others, in order to enrich their knowledge and determine their level of practical application. (Maher Sabry and Salah Tawfik, 2005)

Patterns of distance education:

Evolving patterns of distance education and alternate generations evolution Transport information used in it, as shown in the following table:

Notes from the previous table that the fourth generation of patterns of distance education has the best specifications for communication techniques used for distance education, and also notes that "distance education is not new, but new is the concept of electronic distance learning electronic distance learning (EDL)"

"The impact of the emergence of new technologies, especially computers in use some terms that may express distance education, of these terms: open education open learning, and distance learning tele-learning, and chapter-mail default virtual electronic classroom, and e-learning. E-learning . "(Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425)

Distance education is divided in terms of transportation into two types:

 1 - direct contact (synchronous): the lecturer and students communicate at the same time directly but not necessary physical presence in the same place.

2 - indirect contact (asynchronous): It is not necessary that there lecturer and students at the same time or the same place, such as the use of e-mail and discussion forums ... Etc..

Both stylistic distance education, has its advantages and disadvantages, and we have seen that the most needy universities for more than asynchronous method of simultaneous method for many reasons including:

- Schedule different students.

- The technology required for the synchronous method prohibitive.

- Most of the students do not have Internet Links.

  (Creative Atmesa .1430 e)

Characteristics and advantages of distance education:

1 - completely eliminate constraints of time and place, student learns on his home or in his office or in his car while he wants the circumstances available to him in the days of work or vacation days and holidays because the connection will be through the Internet to study materials or educational previously uploaded Professor, therefore, is not required to present Professor student contact time, and therefore may be a student in Cairo and connection during daylight hours while his teacher in America covered in a deep sleep.

At the same time it is no longer required to create classrooms and stands nine hundreds or thousands .. This already is out of the question .. And thus we have spent is in place and being money and possibilities.

2 - closer contact between teacher and student because the student related by Professor through the Internet,

Professor receives the message at his convenience is missed and student receive a reply at a time that suits him and the two discussed and interacts degree is not available in the traditional educational system.

3 - also available work discussions and debates among students and they are located in places, and even in multiple countries on a particular topic were studying, and is not possible in the traditional education system.

4 - and provides distance learning also multiple cultures and Ahtkakatha and mutual benefit among them because students study together and are from all over the world.

5 - and distance learning also allows the possibility of combining start work life and study at the same time, and therefore there is no need for rigid division of human life to a period of about 15 - 16 years of study to begin after work.

6 - distance learning allows continuous learning at any time and on any subject and at any level without any trouble or hardship.

7 - provides distance learning as well as adjust the exams and completely eliminate fraud and focus on the exam thinking, analysis and inference and not only conservation and indoctrination.

8 - and distance learning at the end of it will reduce the cost.

9 - and distance learning will spend on the problems of school management or the College administration and discipline and order issues associated with all of the costs.

10 - is an educational system that keep pace with developments in the field of technology transfer and use of information in education.

11 - make the most of the qualified educational energies instead of reducing their potential in the education of a limited number of regular students in universities, but the benefit of an unlimited number of students through modern technology of communications and information transfer. (Friend Afifi and Sawsan Marsa)

And means of distance education:

   Uses distance learning all TMS and modern means of communication for the success of the educational process remotely, depending on the type of course and specialization, including:

First: printed educational materials:

The book is scheduled of the most important and easiest means learning printed, and the book contains scheduled on knowledge to be gained by the student also has the drawings and paintings, illustrations and exercises and sometimes techniques and tests self, and be book author specifically for distance education more detailed and clarification of the books of systematic study, ranging size 2 -3 times the size of his ilk from systematic study books in order to facilitate the student to interact with the material in the absence of the professor.

Second: printed educational materials such as:

• audio tapes.

• visual tapes (videos).

• computer disks or CDs.

Third: the means of communication:

• means of communication such as television broadcast by local and satellite broadcast, and may be used in television broadcasting or two-way direction.

• local and global radio.

• phone to inquire and discuss the article with the professor.

• Fax.

• Computer and local information networks and the Internet.

• E-mail.

• regular mail to send parcels educational, and this method is used largely for send bags laboratory or experimental packages for students of science subjects, such as microscopes and autopsy tools, glassware and computing facilities.

Fourth: other means:

• public and private libraries.

• research and educational laboratories at universities and research centers and educational centers of the University and hospital laboratories for some disciplines to accomplish and implement educational some scientific experiments, and may be in the form of a short summer courses. (Khalid Mustafa Saleh Hamad, 2001)

The need to distance education, and multi-channel education:

There are many reasons lead us to take distance education system including:

1. It is linked to the philosophy of continuing education, not for education alone but for education and development and meet the requirements, needs and skills that create day after day, and in the various fields.

2. It commensurate with the scientific progress rapidly and accumulated knowledge large which we live these days Vmtabah new in the field of what medicine and Computer Engineering, for example can be done after a day through the global information network (Internet); for this is the introduction of this type of education up to date and cope with the circumstances of life in which we live today.

3. Been proven by scientific research that barrier spatial has no negative impact on educational outcomes or educational attainment, many studies suggest that there is no difference in academic achievement between students who received their education remotely and among their peers who had been educated in the classroom. ( Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425)

Terms success of distance education, and multi-channel education:

Thought (Parker 1996) that the focus of success in distance education is: the teacher, and must into account the fact that there is no technology that compensates for weak teaching skills, and when the teacher is a good standard, the technology becomes more pronounced, and that teaching weak negative effect in distance learning applications, but when there is good teacher veteran capable of creative use of technology, lead to enrich the learning process for the student who does not sit within the walls of regular study.

The (McKinsey 1997 and others) identified nine important factors for the success of distance education programs:

1 - the ease of use of the system.

2 - The clarity of the characteristics of a distance learning and distinguishing it from traditional teaching.

3 - Compatibility with teacher's style (of comparative advantages and interoperability).

4 - emitters and motivated students and their development.

5 - the improvement and development of the student's education.

6 - Availability enough time to learn how to use the system.

7 - the possibility of using the equipment and devices in the classroom.

8 - proper training and enough teachers.

9 - the availability of the necessary funds. (Sarah Arini, 1999)

Cons introduction of distance education:

Of the most negative aspects of distance education as follows:

1. Absence of role models and influenced by the teacher in this type of education

2. Can not be this kind of education to discover talents and abilities of learners.

3. Verbal do not develop the ability of the learner.

4. Might escape the boredom of learner along sitting in front of devices

5. Absence of the human side of the educational process, for his absence in the machine

6. Distance learning weakens social relations of the learner

7. Affect learning through the machine on a health point of view of the learner.

8. High cost of this type of education, especially in the beginning of establishment and what you need this stage of sophisticated devices in the modern means of communication and information technologies, as well as the cost of technical maintenance, it cost technology education and associated cost of preparing the scientific material, design and cost of transmission via satellite The cost of faculty members, administrators and technicians working specialized centers.

9. Teaching manner distance education needs of the teacher a lot of time in the preparation of decisions, and accurate description her, and materials detailed and all arguments supporting that depend upon the learner from a distance, and some believe that the time needed to prepare a decision on after more than about (66%) of the time required to prepare a normal decision.

10. The time required to respond to inquiries learners electronically greatly increases the time required to answer the same questions in the usual education and face-to-face.

11 - lack some distance learning kits for some students or non-proficiency to be used, such as computer and network support services such as information technology.

12. Scarcity of trained personnel to design and develop the means of distance education and the consequent significant time and effort to train new cadres.

13 - Some students may feel lost or confusion on educational activities.

 (Mohammed Yusuf Ahmed, 1425) (Khalid Mustafa Saleh Hamad, 2001)

Challenges to face disadvantages of distance education:

1. For students: You must provide for the educational needs of the students is the cornerstone of all effective programs for distance education, a measure that is on the basis of evaluation of each effort in this field. Regardless of the educational context, the primary task of the students are learning a daunting task even in the best of circumstances; require enthusiasm, planning, and the ability to analyze and apply educational content to be educated at the remote delivery of information.

2. Skills and capabilities of faculty: The success of any effort to distance education rests with the faculty, in the traditional education system for the classroom, including the responsibility of the teacher: Regulation of the contents of the seminar, and a better understanding of the needs of the students. The teachers must prepare themselves to face the challenges of private, hence teacher must:

. Develops a practical understanding about the characteristics and needs of students educated in the absence of direct contact and face-to-face.

. Follow the teaching skills that take into account the needs and expectations of diverse and disparate audiences.

. Develop a practical understanding of the technology delivery, while continuing to focus on the educational role of his personal.

. Works efficiently as a guide and deftly directed educational content.

3 - Advisors and brokers on the site:

Often the teacher considers it useful to rely on the broker on the site; to serve as a link between students and teacher, and to be an active role he has to accommodate the need to provide services for students, in addition to the expectations of the teacher of it. And most importantly, have a desire to guide the implementation of the teacher's instructions.

And reinforcing the role of mediator in the performance of the education service and a budget and good techniques; Even if his experience in the field of educational technologies are few; Advisors where the processing equipment and study collection techniques, and supervise the examinations if they were the eyes and ears of teachers.

4 - technical support team: These guys are the unsung soldiers in the distance learning process, they are doing to ensure that the vast amount of details required for the success of this program has been to deal with it effectively. In most successful programs for distance education, service functions are consolidated to include supporting student registration, copy and distribute the materials, providing books, copyright protection, and the development of programs, and the work of the special reports in degrees, and technical resources management .... Etc..

The individuals based on the support they really the foundation that keeps the coordination of efforts together and interdependence in the field of distance education.

5 - Administrators: Although the administrators usually influence in the planning of the distance learning program for an organization, but they often lose control in favor of professional managers as soon as the program is being implemented. The administrators actors in the field of distance education are more than just the people who provide ideas. They are collectively the construction process, and decision-making, and they are arbitrators. And work closely with the existing technical matters and supportive services; sources to ensure that the technology has been utilized in the educational mission of the institution effectively. The important thing is that they maintain their focus on the academic side, with the observation that meet the educational needs of the student after student is the first and last responsibility. (Yasmine return, Muslim soldier magazine)

Conclusion:

Distance education entrance regenerative formal education formal, based on the use of the media, because its roots to distance education, and study at home. He coordinated education depends on self-learning, and cares to provide educational materials on the basis of the distance between the parties of the educational process, and guiding students and their support and assistance and supervision development by a team of determined workers and their duties and responsibilities. remote education is an effective way to provide learning opportunities and enriching experiences for operators who can not afford to drop out of full-time work and to learn, who are deprived of formal education

Source: http://www.edutrapedia.illaf.net/arabic/show_article.thtml?id=699 

The concept of distance education and information science

Push the wheel of development and technological progress need teachers library and information science to reveal new ways of teaching through the use of tools and media technology and through participation in the resources and the exchange of information, technology has evolved telecommunications great development and produced several alternatives for transportation and electronic communication, such as, for example video, and audio-visual media, facsimile, e-mail, the Internet and satellite. 

  

Has not gone unnoticed for Egypt to participate in this technological development as it was launched the Egyptian satellite "Nilesat" on April 28, 1998, ushers Egypt space age, space communications and benefit from the experiences of countries that preceded it in this area 

It was fortunate that allocates some channels broadcast by the Egyptian satellite for education, it may be useful to have to teach library and information science share in this channel educational and hope of this subject to be a modest contribution in this area to reveal a theoretical framework for distance education in library and information, and put current definitions and terminology in this context, and review the intellectual output of the previous issue, and subjected to some tests carried out in the libraries for education programs in developing countries and developed countries. 

  

And can be compared to the provision of electronic links necessary for any number of applications in the field of education library and information science, and future depends librarians to a large extent on their hearts with multiple patterns of information resources available in electronic format and use of these resources in a way that was returning from cost-effectiveness and supports the use of technology Over the provision of funds that are spent, to get better for the listener it seeks, and provide a better education than provided by traditional education within the walls of the university, in addition to overcoming the problems and traditional barriers to learning, such as, for example impediments of geography, and functional, family, environmental, and economic, In addition to that distance education may solve the problem of shortage in the number of graduates from the departments of academic libraries, and meet the needs of the labor market and the movement of the comprehensive development witnessed by Egypt in various fields, and meet the desire of individuals who are liable to impair access to academic programs to teach university libraries. 

  

We are on the outskirts of the twenty-first century, efforts should focus current planning on choosing the appropriate communication environment that can lead academic library or your institution or a public profession to the next century and the necessary equipment and gear to experience this century. 

  

  

A review of the intellectual production note lack of clarity in the definition of distance education and the use of the term in mixing it with distance education. 

Where supplied Sylvia Phippsov (2) Faibisoff and Deborah Wells Willis (1987) Some definitions of the terms used for distance education as follows: - 

  

Explains Stanford (1980) Stanford that distance education is to teach independent senior correspondence • 

See Segeral (1984) Zigerell that distance education is a form of education that is characterized by the separation naturally between the teacher and the student, with the exception of some meetings held by the teacher with the student face to face to discuss some of the research projects • explains Segeral, that distance education is different from education by correspondence from where it requires some opportunities for students to interact with the teacher • gives a clear distinction between distance education and distance learning, the former means of preparing or the educational process itself and the other focuses on the receiving end of distance education. 

The Edmar (1983) Wedemeyer definition best step forward by focusing on the learner who gets him the opportunity on the basis of their needs and interests and aspirations. 

  

Characterized distance education also close to the teacher, has been known in law in France, for example, that the position requires the presence of the teacher education personally from time to time. 

Known as distance education that the transfer of an educational program from its position on the campus of the University to geographically dispersed locations • The aim of this education to attract students can not under normal circumstances continue in a traditional educational program. 

  

It is clear from the above definitions that there are a variety of definitions for distance education and all these definitions share some common characteristics, and may be the best way to define this phrase is by clarifying their properties as shown in the following dimensions: - 

  

(A) supply to interact from time to time with faculty members. 

(B) providing the student's independent study and individual. 

(C) receipt of knowledge through decisions within and outside the campus. 

(D) based on the actual needs of the student. 

  

While the above definitions focus on the characteristics and attributes of distance education in terms of preparation or processing, others view him as a system • This is illustrated in the following manner: - 

  

1 was the main theme at the Tenth Congress of the International Council for Distance Education as a system, have conference included an analysis of the components and subsystems administrative and educational, with particular reference to the ambitions, and significance, and the properties and interrelationships and effectiveness of distance education in terms of information and guidance and student activities and mutual contacts, marketing and management • 

  

2 see (1975) Ljosa that distance education as a system should be seen through its subsystems as models for education, and services, and student activities, and the inclusion of course materials, and student follow-up, and tests, and substantive areas, and mutual communication • 

  

Regardless of the acceptance of distance education as a treatment or as a system or even as a conduit for the recipient, should the concept remains connected to the concept of lifelong learning • 

  

Has adopted the concepts that this kind there beyond the walls of traditional education institutions, that kind of technical and vocational training available to every individual, regardless of gender, age, educational background or qualifications • 

  

3 was Edgar Four (1972) Faure the initiative of the concept of lifelong learning to meet the needs of each person in order to cope with the contemporary society in addition to the contribution of learners in the guidance and direction and according to their educational needs, and encourage learning from a variety of sources, whether regular or irregular, traditional or non- traditional. 

  

And adopted prepare employees to work in the libraries in his early years before the stage of formal education on the apprenticeship system, a system that was in major bookstores and determines the decisions of the imposed working conditions to fit, especially with the workers in the school libraries • 

  

Has opened Dewey first regular school for the education of libraries at Columbia University in New York in 1887, and the early years of the efforts of Dewey and even today wants a lot of workers in libraries to find some formulas education that fit their circumstances and needs outside the formal education traditional • were represented these formulas as presented by Daniel • d • Baron in the following key patterns: - 

  

1 study by correspondence. Correspondence Study 

2 efforts (educational) extended Extension Effors • 

3 Use all means of communication after receiving Telecommunications Delivery • 

  

First: the study by correspondence 

Baron acknowledges that the study by correspondence (6), the first types of distance education that have been used in the education of library and information science • The study consisted efforts correspondence in the following efforts: - 

  

1 Mfil Club Dewey (1888) developed the decisions to study by correspondence in the city of Albany (Albany) to serve the small libraries and specialized libraries • 

  

2 committee recommended training libraries derived from the American Library Association ALA Libraries (large) and leading schools to provide work by correspondence in 1903 and made some comments on the program of the University of International Correspondence in 1907 • 

  

3 recommended Charles Williamson (7) Williamson in the report of the Carnegie (1923) should give schools libraries adopt the way of education by correspondence, not as a substitute for any other way, but to be a supplement and complement to other methods used • As recommended by Williamson in his allocation of grants funded by the Carnegie to develop The study by correspondence schools in New York City with providing the best educational possibilities available to these schools • 

  

The cited Williamson in his report that the study by correspondence in library science were already and 24 lessons in technical methods in libraries have been taught by correspondence at the University of Chicago, and scheduled indexing was taught this way in the State Library of California, and the Department of expansion educational University Wisconsin made a decision this way in 1920 to over 250 students • 

  

4 has been establishing a school libraries American education by correspondence in 1923 under the management and direction of e • b • Gaylord Gaylord Bserakyuz quoted this school in 1928 Bmstmladtha all to Columbia University in New York under the leadership of Williamson himself, who became director of the School of Library and director of libraries at Columbia University at the same time • The a mass program for librarians practitioners • The program has flourished until 1936 when Columbia University canceled all correspondence studies, though no longer distance education resonates positively with the library science professors • 

  

5 No use of these programs in 1951, to meet the requirements of approved programs for master's degree from American Library Association • The committee is currently teaching libraries Society to provide a list of decisions available mediated messaging, including, for example decisions in the basics of indexing and children's literature as well as other decisions to specialists educational media in School Library • 

  

Second: efforts (educational) extended 

While education by correspondence previously priority, but he was not the only one of the early efforts in the United States to provide alternative opportunities for education and training in library and information science • Find professors library and information science opportunities for workers who are unable to enroll in programs fixed in tables traditional by giving them educational opportunities outside traditional boundaries campus • This opportunity has been designated educational efforts extended • 

  

Reese cited (8) Reece when he talked about the early efforts in this context include the following: 

Organized school libraries for the New York State chapter in the summer of 1896, and was chapter for 6 weeks is taken from some of the topics offered by the school in order to serve a specific purpose and distinct • 

  

Have been used in other forms as well as the summer semester, for example, decisions of intensive, and institutes funded by the state, and chapters weekend, and evening classes, as well as other styles varied timeframes then used to align with employees who work seven days a week and receive their education in other schools, or living away from education programs library and information science traditional where the regularity is not possible, in addition to the acceptance of teachers library and information science for part-time students who are attracted by the profession • 

  

It noteworthy that most of the education programs of library and information in the United States has sought to attract learner unconventional been much effort to adapt and strengthen this type of education • This was the first brick laid foundations in the legitimacy of distance education • 

  

While there is little intellectual production which relates to reality historic decisions education extends beyond the walls of the campus, they did not listen gurus libraries and information to the stories that received for the advances of pioneers like public librarians first who were packing boxes of books behind their cars and leave with information and education beyond the boundaries library buildings in which they work and outside the campus walls to which they belong • 

  

He explained Louis Shores (9) Shores, for example, that in 1947, the members of the faculty on their shoulders education libraries to centers 37 County, Florida, geographically about 850 miles to the southeast • He joined these chapters more than 5000 students, Most of the teachers who have the desire to teach a library for their students and colleagues • 

  

But many of these outstanding students have been referred to the retirement of librarianship, and each completed requirements approved for a master's degree through an educational program extended the establishment of a local summer • Perhaps the records, according to Barron's, which concerns the efforts made for distance education buried in (corridors) archives in many academic programs for libraries, and did not yet exist, a researcher who is trying to pay it from the archives of these programs and put it in the context of historical research or supplied in a report on the profession • 

  

Even today, still holds gurus library and information science in the United States with them in their cars books and other educational materials, and knocking also means of transportation other trains, planes and boats to provide educational opportunities extended to the learner • Remote indicated by the reported better statistical records that expressed these activities were received to self-Ellis (10), ALISE statistical libraries as follows: 

  

Reviewing the data in the report on the Department of Curriculum for the past ten years 1980 1990, report shows that 3045 decision was introduced in this period away from the campus president of Schools Libraries and Information Science • The number of these courses between 223 scheduled was introduced in 1980 to 408 decision was introduced in 1990 • 

  

The number of schools that provided off-campus decisions in this period 37 schools with an average of between 31 to 40 schools • These schools provided decisions ranging from a single decision to one school and more than 40 scheduled in one year • 

  

The test types decisions cited by the report Aliz Statistical seems to be a lot of courses carried out away from the campus in Education program library and information science as part of a planned program or as part of the degree requirements or as a certificate within a particular state or region of the state are serviced brokered this program • No not possible to determine the extension of degree programs that are provided through distance education • exposed a little intellectual production to describe these introductions and the extent of its effectiveness and its impact on the profession or the system as a whole • 

  

There are reports of distance education programs for libraries and information science and implemented mediated by a specific set of courses in other states • participate in these programs students through professors to travel home in the States in which they live • 

  

It included this type of education, for example, the efforts of all of the University of Louisiana with librarians in Virginia, and the University of North Carolina for librarians in Eastern Virginia, and the efforts of State College Clarion enrollment program leading to a degree, Maine Maine in addition to other programs provided Emporia to get a degree in Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa • 

  

Third: the use of telecommunications in teaching. 

  

Sought teachers in the United States for the optimal use of radio of the twenties and thirties and TV but it was not widespread use until the sixties of this century • 

The groups used professional such as lawyers, pharmacists, teachers, engineers and workers health sciences, telecommunications whether to get an academic degree or in continuing education and conferences • While the use of radio and still this use force in distance education to a limited extent, while TV and telephone received special focus of most teachers, as illustrated below: 

  

Was the first use of video conferences in continuing education for professionals libraries and information brokered American Library Association brokered the use of satellites (11), in this context, at a conference on copyright in 1978, followed by conferences such for Mark 1 and Mark 2, which Torthma Library Association America in collaboration with the Congregation for the satellites for the public service • 

And use the phone in teleconferencing in Oklahoma in 1983 to provide continuing education experience relating to requests for medical references (12) • 

Also produced Society research libraries and university (ACRL) conferences relied on phone use and relate to technology CDs (CD - ROM r s) in the years 1988.1989 respectively as reported by Barron's for talks personal with producers of these conferences (14) • 

The research was funded those conferences brokered private companies produced products of the American Society for school librarians AASL and the Federation of educational communications and technology in collaboration with the School of Library and Information Science at the University of South Carolina • 

Efforts and activities of the forms of distance education in the United States 

  

Describes Barron (15) efforts and activities that have been made in education mediated by means of remote communication received in intellectual production as follows: - 

  

1 describe separate articles brokered Winder Wender and Burke Berk use remote communications technology in the continuing education efforts of workers in the health services • 

  

2 cited Winder Wender 4 lectures were dropped mediated telecommunications for 110 hospitals in Oklahoma in 1981 • 

  

3 describes Burke Berk experience provided by the Library Association American Medical decision continuing education in Management and Budget in 1982 through the telephone network educational University of Wisconsin • The description of each of the positive side and a negative for the efforts made in this area with the conclusion says that the mediator (telecommunications ) "fit and proper and effective and should be used again in this profession" • 

  

4 describes George Hartg Hartje used to lecture on the phone in the separation of library science at the University of Missouri Columbia • Despite the lack of statistical analyzes in the article, but the author cites the conclusion "that the experiment was successful and useful for students" • 

  

5 The use of television in education libraries after he was vague as referring Irving Lieberman (1973) Liberman as an individual of the group that alerted to the need for efforts research in the education library and information science • In the list on the uses of television for educational purposes, said Lieberman: The decisions Chambers (television) open to accredited college students became a reality • The report describes in the same lectures, which depend on the phone using communications technology to teach, but he did not provide any examples of such in the education library and information science • 

  

6 p.m. actual implementation of the use of television in education library and information science at the School of Library and Information Science at the University of Indiana (Bloomington) in the early seventy and focused on one of the pieces few research completed in this context for distance education • describes the brooch Shuman Shuman use circuits (TV ) closed (16) for a single decision has been submitted with the exception that some students have described them as useless experience • 

  

7 and longer school Library and Information Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Midson, pioneered the use of teleconferencing through communications workers in the profession • The reported Darlene and Engand Weingand in her report on a comparison between the students who are receiving education in the classroom traditional and others who use hearing system remote Throughout semester in the subject for the administration of the Public Library • and stamped and Engand study that comparison between the two groups were compatible and there is no presumption supports the idea that traditional classroom is the optimal model to receive an education, though listening distance can be equal if not better than education in the traditional classroom, and adds that the absence of interaction and face-to-face and remote replaced by listening is not harmful to the learning process • 

  

8 continue the study to clarify the advantages of a system of more systems to listen remotely advanced in the world, a network educational conferences remote Educational Tele conferecing Network (ETM), and linking this network of more than 170 sites state (Wisconsin) with a few exceptions • The decisions offer brokered this newly developed network as a basis to teach library and information constantly • 

  

9 describes Pam Barron (17) Barron development field tests in her article entitled "jumping on the moon" about children's literature Jump Over The Moon Sharing Literature With young Children (ETM) that decision for after awarded was developed in 1982 and is still going on as the basis for decisions systems available to receive at the state level and at the national level alike • Baron studied concludes from this decision by saying, "It should not be used this decision to replace more traditional methods only, but a vital and effective alternative also • 

  

10 describes the generation Mae May problems related to copyright and the general development and calendars that have been the decision of the videos used in the media for children • 

  

11 supplied Marilyn Meng Ming and Gary MacDonald Macdonald report on the renewed effort in the training project library small rural in Alberta, Canada • Share project design, implementation and evaluation full program leading to certification and reliable basis on printed materials along with the use of videos • The results of the Calendar very positive for student assessment and program staff • 

  

12 review of data contained in a report by Ellis ALISE Statistical about education library and information science in the period between 1980 and 1992 shows the following uses for teaching mediated communication: - 

  

(A) represent South Carolina (SC) only program to teach library and information science, which uses teaching through remoting • 

(B) use of South Carolina, and Emporia, Arizona cable TV company to provide remote decisions • 

(C) use of South Florida and the mandate of San Jose, and South Carolina, Indiana, Arizona and Oklahoma (Video) The communication from one side to the side listening dial remote, also used Wisconsin (Malawaki) and Kentucky also this system • 

(D) use the Emporia, and Wisconsin (Midson) and universities of Louisiana, Alabama and North Carolina listening systems and video communication from both sides • 

  

(E) may be more distance education programs renewal and best funded in the United States is a project Broadcasting Corporation Annenberg Annenberg Assembly, was suspended financial donation estimated at $ 150 million, in order to produce decisions using (VCR), computers, tapes and CDs and video , in order to make higher education a reality for remote learner • The director of the project has expanded Mara Mayor Mayor in a major expansion program • 

  

(F) In addition to programs based in American universities, there are attempts multiple stems from the commercial private sector for the supply of distance learning, such as, for example chapters Broadcast: (The • me • CNN) intercontinental NBC r s Continental classroom, which began six years and chapters Radio ( C • B • S) to the sun bright: CBS r s Sunrise Semester which remained active for seventeen years ago • 

  

(G) used Pittsburgh fiber optic Oplical Fibers to deliver courses to remote places, far from the campus of the university, also used Pittsburgh combination of systems to listen and fax • used South Carolina services company cables TV to provide decisions on the national level and also used state Emporia and South Connecticut in academic programs • 

  

Distance education activities in some countries of the world. 

  

In addition to the activities and efforts of distance education in the United States there are some activities in developing countries, and in Russia, Australia and Western Europe • provides Nellore (18) 1985 Naylor summary of the participants in the activities of distance education throughout the world • The following models made by Naylor for this Activities: - 

  

1 uses distance education in developing countries provide the only way a traditional education is also available in traditional educational institutions in the Western world • 

2 available distance education in Russia in the workplace and focus its efforts on increasing productivity • 

3 is the British Open University (BOU) of more models of distance education success (19) and became acceptable system as a pilot program in all over the world • 

  

The Open University started as an idea of ​​the League of the air as it is designed to provide courses in higher education mediated mass communication for technicians and workers in technological fields • In the early seventy British Open University began supplying system allows them to adults penile first academic degree • 

  

4 collected the Open University UK among the best properties that characterize the system of study by correspondence as well as the use of films and tapes educational prepared carefully brokered the BBC (BBC) • As a result, the Open University UK's greatest educational facility successful around the world and may be the greatest and most important Renewal event in the history of education in the words of Nellore •

Source: http://kenanaonline.com/users/ahmedkordy/posts/205384