Spread in recent many universities, institutes and institutions that provide education and opportunity study for scholars and students in various disciplines through the pages specially prepared for this purpose on the Internet.
First: Distance Education
Intended distance education Distance Learning to use communication technology and computer technology in the education process. And this process is called also terms such as:
Internet-Based Learning
Distributed Learning
Computer-Mediated Communication
And distance education is the transfer of knowledge from the Centers collects in the capitals of states to cities distant where there are no means of media knowledge huge and specialized. And have the connection between the student recipient and lecturer interactive interactive system allows tele-education received lectures from a source far from the place lecture at the same speed and in the same time the real time application implementation and this system can broadcast live and recorded lectures efficiently, where the student can or listener from attending a lecture inside or outside the borders of the country in which they reside.
Distance education is divided in terms of transportation into two types:
Asynchronous transfer synchronous delivery where communication and interaction in real-time real time between the lecturer and the student.
Asynchronous transfer asynchronous delivery, where the transfer of records and deliver or provide subject by video, computer or any other means later time and receives or obtained on the material later
Benefits of distance education:
Convenience where appropriate provide appropriate between the lecturer and the student.
Flexibility flexibility allows the student the option to participate as desired.
Impact and effectiveness demonstrated effectiveness research on distance education system that equivalent or superior to the influence and effectiveness of traditional education system and when these techniques are used efficiently.
Estimated affordability of many forms of distance education does not cost a lot of money.
Sense of multi-multi sensory There are many options in the delivery methods subject, subject televised and interaction of computer programs and subject recorded on cassette tapes.
Advantages of distance education:
Geographical exploitation:
Does not require the student and the professor to be present in one place for the exchange of information. The student he can read or listen to or even watching a lecture Professor electronically on-line via the Internet, even if the student in the home or in a country other than the country of residence of his teacher. Professor can also be electronically published his lecture text, audio or video over the Internet from home or from a country other than the country in which it resides requested.
Text textual (using Adobe Acrobat format) or;
Audio Audio (using the formula Streaming Real Audio) or;
Visible Visual (using the formula Streaming Real Video or Streaming Net Show or Compressed MPEG)
Temporary exploitation:
Not necessary to \ be both student and professor present at the time and one for the exchange of information. فالأستاذ him to publish his lecture electronically either in text format can be printed or audible or visual format and then demanded to read the lecture and printed or to be heard or watched at any time suits him without having to throw professor lecture at a specific time. And also demanded the freedom to choose the right time for him to receive the lecture, it was his option also in the selection of the part that wants to read it or listen to it or watch it. Also, it could re-listen to a particular part of the lecture or watching a certain portion of them are difficult things to achieve in the traditional lecture. For example, students can choose the parts that wants to be heard or watched from the lecture if the lecture is published as a Real Audio or Real Video. It can also have the ability to listen to or watch any part of the lecture published those formulas.
Intermediate computer:
To use the computer as an intermediary for the transfer of information also means exploiting the speed of your computer and its potential in the educational process and is helping in the development of this process.
Provide educational opportunities for non Almsttiein:
Distance education will enable a large segment of the community members to achieve their wishes, especially those who do not have access to higher education for different conditions (such as age or link to a particular job). Distance Education is open to all and the need to attend to the university systems in specific times things that may not fit some conditions.
Overcome the problem of the capacity of universities and educational bodies:
Distance education does not require the presence of students to the classroom, and does not require the records in each chapter to give a limited number of students a lecture given. This means that universities and educational institutions will be able to overcome the problem of limited absorptive capacity, which had to accept the number of students commensurate with what is available from the classrooms and teachers.
Disadvantages of distance education:
The need for training:
Teachers need to be trained to use the Internet in general as well as training on the use of special software to be used in the work of web pages and publish lectures and so on. As well as student needs to be trained to use the Internet in addition to training on the use of programs that help them to exchange information with his teacher. Before all this needs both the student and the professor to possess to learn the basics of computer Computer Literacy.
The need for technological structure:
For the establishment of distance education system must provide a technological infrastructure Technological Infrastructure at the university or who want to put distance education programs. This structure is not available at all universities or educational bodies.
The need for a connection between the students and the Internet:
So that students can have access to electronic data and to be able to exchange information with their teachers must provide a connection between the students and the Internet. This connection may be contacted through an Internet service provider ISP or via the internal network to the university or faculty Intranet. However, students are not all able to connect to the Internet through Internet service provider. As well as universities and educational bodies do not have all Intranet networks open to students.
The problem of bandwidth Bandwidth:
Of the fundamental problems facing remote Altalpm process bandwidth problem Bandwidth any speed through which the exchange of information between the Internet service provider and the Internet user that connects to the network through this provider. Vmstkhaddmo Internet who connect to the network from ordinary household devices via Internet service providers share information with the Internet quickly does not usually exceed 33.6 kilobits per second Kbps for the transfer of visual lectures properly so that they can watch lectures on a full-size screen and without cut in The sound and picture Internet user needs to provide high-speed transfer of information between him and the Internet. This can be achieved by connecting the user's computer to the Internet through private systems give greater bandwidth Bandwidth systems such as ISDN, DSL and T1 Lines and others. These systems are expensive for ordinary users.
Security:
Security is one of the fundamental problems facing the process of distance learning. During the performance of electronic exams on-line quizzes does not guarantee professor that the student does not attempt to cheat. Also does not guarantee that professor performs exam is the student himself and not someone else. There are some software tools and techniques that may help overcome some of the negative aspects related to security, but it is not enough to overcome all those negatives. This means the use of what is known as Bal Login Names and Passwords to enter the exam by programming the site to accept only students who are allowed to enter. Of these methods also get the IP address used by the student during the exam performance by the work of special programs use some possibilities of the computer server Server in order to identify at that address. However, these means are insufficient to overcome all the negatives on the subject of security.
Costs:
Add to the previous negatives, there are costs borne by the party that want to apply the system of distance education. Of these costs with regard to the technological infrastructure required by the distance education system. The purchase and maintenance of computer server Server with equipment and programs, or rent space on a computer server from a third party all of which represent a financial burden. The training of teachers to use the software and tools used in distance education system represents an additional financial burden.
Distance education requirements:
There are some technical requirements that must be met in order to design distance education system, including:
And a computer server Server with capacity and speed sufficient to store the information relating to courses. This can be a computer server located at the university or the party that put distance education programs. However, the availability of this system when this party requires high costs of installation and maintenance and Internet connectivity. Can provide those costs by renting space on a server computer available at one of the companies that lease space on its server computer to meet certain amounts.
Must allow programmers to enter a specific area in the central computer in order to enable them to work web pages interactive Interactive using the programs of (Common Gateway Interface) CGI, which are programs written in languages software like Pearl, Visual Basic, C + +, C, and allow these programs to the Internet user sends information and receive certain responses from the central computer.
Programs should be available for work and maintenance of web pages such as page editing software Web Page Editors and FTP file transfer programs and Telnet. And also must have experienced teachers using those programs. This may require in some cases provide knowledge of the use of HTML language recognized for the work of the Internet pages.
Must provide a connection between the students and the Internet so that students have access to a computer server.
Should provide a big wave capacity high bandwidth enables students to connect high-speed internet access and in the event of whether distance education system includes lectures visible. This speed should exceed the speed of the normal 33.6 KB and not less than the speed of ISDN system.
May be required additional hardware such as a Video Server whether distance education system includes visual materials.
Second: Video conference
Is the transfer of live images and audio from a site to several sites separated by distances to transfer information) lectures, seminars, conferences, elections ... etc. (it needs all parties and be sending and receiving interactive and direct and means transmission main cameras and monitors and the technique used generally are. hdsl
Third: telemedicine system tele medicine
Telemedicine system is one video conference applications and allows the user to confer or being some surgical operations through video or robot Robot from places as far apart to facilitate medical consultations for emergencies and the technique used is the same technique. hdsl
The beneficiaries of the service:
Universities
Hospitals
Conference rooms
TV
Organizations and the diplomatic corps
Companies and institutions
Distance learning system in the United Kingdom:
Represents distance learning system in the United Kingdom one of the most educational systems rapidly evolve and keep pace with the achievements of the revolution in communications and represents the virtual university International in the United Kingdom one of the most educational institutions British interest in developing systems of distance learning in the field of management science and synthesized in order to fit the requirements and specificities of academic programs that are taught in a way that distance learning and with the requirements and needs of students studying in a way that distance learning as well.
The Arab Academy British higher education implementation program Masters career in business administration MBA who designed the Virtual University International in the United Kingdom through the management and organization of the engagement and registration of students of the sons of the Arab countries in these programs and provide all the information and assistance that may be required Arab students to facilitate their understanding full for distance learning systems in the Kingdom, enabling them to benefit fully.
Source:http://www.abahe.co.uk/distance-learning.html
